Quantum technology opens up new ways for the miniaturization of electronic components. Recently, the Fraunhofer Institute for Solid State Physics (IAF) and the Maple Institute for Solid State Research published information that their scientists have jointly developed a quantum sensor that can be used to measure micro magnetic fields such as hard disk magnetic fields and the human brain. Radio waves.
As integrated circuits become more complex, a current Pentium processor can hold about 30 million transistors, so the magnetic structure of the hard disk can be recognized only in the range of 10 to 20 nanometers, which is smaller than the 80 to 120 nanometer-meter flu virus. The size specifications of this magnitude are only accessible by quantum physics techniques. Newly developed quantum sensors can accurately measure this kind of micro magnetic field used in future hard disks. The new quantum sensor has only the size of nitrogen atoms, and it is a synthetic diamond as a carrier material. Diamond has good mechanical and chemical stability and superb thermal conductivity. It can make crystals into semiconductors by introducing foreign atoms such as boron and phosphorus, and is very suitable for optical circuits.
IAF researchers have developed and optimized equipment for the production of diamonds in the last few decades, a specialized oval plasma reactor mold. At a high temperature of 800-900 degrees Celsius, a diamond layer can be grown from the introduction of methane gas and hydrogen gas on a diamond substrate, and a crystal with a length of 3-8 mm is peeled from the substrate and polished to produce a quantum physical use. Ultra pure single crystal diamond crystals containing only carbon atom stable isotope C12. The methane gas used is purified by a zirconium filter and the hydrogen is purified by other means.
Researchers make magnetic field detectors in two ways: by directly implanting a single nitrogen atom, or by adding nitrogen in the final step of making diamonds. Afterwards, a thin diamond tip similar to an atomic force microscope can be fabricated using oxygen plasma etching in a clean room. The key point is the introduced nitrogen atoms and the adjacent vacancies in the crystal lattice. The center of the nitrogen vacancy is the actual sensor, which emits light when irradiated with laser light and microwaves. The emitted light can change with the intensity of the nearby magnetic field. Experts compare this innovation with optical detection magnetic resonance (ODMR).
This sensor can not only accurately detect the magnetic field at the nanometer level, but also determine its strength, and its application potential is astonishing. For example, the quality of the hard disk can be monitored, small errors in the densely stored data can be detected, and defective data segments can be found, which are removed before writing and reading. Therefore, it is possible to reduce waste that rapidly increases with the acceleration of miniaturization and reduce production costs. According to IAF experts, this quantum sensor can also be used to measure many weak magnetic fields, including brain waves. Compared with the currently used brain wave sensors, it is not only more accurate, but also can be used at room temperature without the need for liquid nitrogen cooling.
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