For the grain drying problem, in the mid-1950s, the Northeastern Kushiro District began to introduce grain drying operations in the former Soviet Union’s Kuzbass mobile dryer. In the 60s and 80s, they were introduced from Italy, the former Soviet Union, and the United States. Model series of drying equipment. In the 1990s, China has developed a series of drying equipment with daily processing capacity of 100, 200, etc., with an average drying rate of 14% (corn) at a time, and it can complete the unloading of grains, early Qing, and dryness at the same time. Temporary deposit, cleaning, metering, packing and conveying operations.
In general, there is still a certain gap between China's and foreign developed countries in the technical process of drying machinery. In recent years, China has introduced and digested the grain drying technology of Germany, Japan, Taiwan and other countries and regions, and this gap is gradually narrowing. In terms of the promotion and application of grain dry coal machinery, there is still a big gap between China and foreign countries. The US grain drying has been fully mechanized, and the current grain dryer in Japan has reached more than 700,000 units. Ten years of development, so far only 20,000 units (sets), and the utilization rate of these devices is about 70%, and a considerable part of the agricultural and sideline products for drying, very little for the processing of food. There are about 300 grain drying machinery manufacturers in China, but only about 30 companies have actually formed batches, mainly used for grain drying, and have guaranteed technical performance and quality. The reasons for this situation are mainly the implementation of household contract responsibility system in rural areas. The scale of operation is small. The development of small-scale drying equipment that can adapt to this system and the socialization and marketization of drying services are not well resolved. China has a vast area and there are great differences in the drying mechanization of food production areas in different regions and crops. In order to meet the needs of the market, we have adapted to the double-layered management system in rural areas, which is mainly based on household contract responsibility system. Should adhere to the characteristics of local conditions, the combination of dispersion and concentration, flow and fixed combination.
Due to the influence of infrastructure, such as restrictions on venues, equipment, and acquisition funds, the state-owned grain warehouses have been drying up, resulting in the inability to make timely acquisitions, and the main reason for acquisition is contracted food, which accounts for a small proportion. It is 30%. This has caused farmers to sell grain, affecting the enthusiasm of farmers for grain production, and many social problems have arisen. Therefore, post-harvest peasants in the northern region are the main forms of future self-distribution and drying. Therefore, we urgently need to design suitable operations for the cold regions based on actual conditions, with simple structures, daily processing capacity of 5 to 10 tons, and adaptation to rural energy and transportation conditions. Low-cost, small-sized dryers that can be used for cross-village and household-wide joint drying operations have important practical significance for the development of agriculture in China.
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