Germany does not subsidize the sale of cars or cars, but adopts a policy of reducing the cost of using cars.
The major automobile industry countries in the world have spared no effort to launch their own new energy vehicle development plans and industrial policies, and have no reference for China's new energy automobile industry to achieve "curve overtaking".
The United States promotes the development of new energy vehicles and is more successful in terms of policy leverage to force the market and stimulate viability in the market. The US government did not define a certain technical route when formulating industrial policies. Instead, it chose to let go of the market and let enterprises choose their own. The government directly subsidizes consumers, implements cross-subsidization for enterprises, and subsidizes low-emission enterprises from enterprises that do not meet emission standards. It embodies the policy orientation of “guarantee and pressure†and is more sustainable than financial subsidies.
The US new energy auto industry can enter the fast lane, which is the three main reasons for promoting star models, price reduction and infrastructure improvement. For pure electric vehicles, the top two sales are Nissan Leaf and Tesla Model S. Nissan Leaf is equipped with a car charger that can reduce the charging time by half. More than 100 fast-charging stations in the United States have a chargeable 80% within 30 minutes. With the price reduction strategy, the sales volume will increase to 23,000. Tesla built more than 70 "super charging stations" across the US and East Coast.
Due to its small size and lack of resources, Japan attaches great importance to the development and application of new energy vehicles as one of the guarantees of energy security and industrial competitiveness. Japan has created a new energy vehicle development path of “one government and one person†and has deep cooperation in government, enterprises and scientific research institutions.
Due to its early start and high degree of attention, Japan has a long-term international leading position in hybrid vehicle technology, industrialization and sales. In January 2014, Nissan's global sales of pure electric vehicles exceeded 100,000 units, ranking 45% in the global pure electric vehicle market, ranking first.
In order to encourage automobile companies to improve and develop new energy technologies, Japan requires that all vehicles used in government vehicles must use “low-pollution vehiclesâ€. The government directly grants cash subsidies to the selected cooperative enterprises, implements the “green tax system†for environmentally-friendly vehicles, exempts taxes on electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles, and imposes different amounts of tax reduction on low-energy vehicles and low-pollution vehicles. When consumers change new cars, such as buying low-energy cars, they can also receive corresponding government subsidies, which boost sales of new energy vehicles in Japan.
In addition to vehicle production, Japan attaches great importance to taking the lead in the new energy vehicle industry chain such as batteries. With the hot sale of Tesla electric vehicles, Panasonic, which supplies batteries, won 39% of the plug-in car battery market share in 2013, followed by Japanese company NEC with a market share of 27 %.
Compared with the United States and Japan, Germany is more cautious in developing new energy vehicles. It is taking the road of “first research and development, after marketâ€.
The German government has established three key technology research and development areas of battery and power storage devices, electric vehicle technology, infrastructure technology and system network integration, and established a national electric vehicle platform composed of government and industry.
Compared with other major automobile countries, another feature of Germany is that it does not directly subsidize enterprises and consumers, but adopts a policy of reducing the cost of using vehicles. The German Federal Ministry of Transport believes that one-off subsidies are directly suspected of car manufacturer suspicions and violate the principle of fair competition. Electric vehicle products themselves must be competitive.
Germany stipulates that consumers who purchase electric vehicles before 2015 can enjoy a 10-year free travel tax. At the same time, electric vehicles have priority in parking and driving, and bus lanes can be used when traffic jams. As the second car in the family, the electric car can issue and use the same license plate. The two cars only need to pay one insurance. At the same time, it is stipulated that government agencies, whether buying a car or renting a car, guarantee at least 10% of electric vehicles.
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