The disturbance in a CNC system is often caused by a "soft" failure, which is an aspect that is frequently overlooked. To eliminate system interference, it's essential to address it from multiple angles. Here are some effective methods:
First, ensure the machine tool and CNC system are properly grounded. A point grounding method must be used (refer to Figure 1-3). Avoid shortcuts such as grounding in a loop or using improper connections. Each part of the machine should be grounded near its location to prevent multiple grounding loops. The grounding wire must meet the system’s specifications—its diameter should be sufficient, and shielded cables should be used where necessary. Proper shielding connection is crucial to avoid interference.
Additionally, the interface requirements for CNC machines are strict. The power lines entering the workshop or factory must have a complete and compliant grounding network. This is a fundamental condition for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of CNC equipment, and it should not be ignored.
Second, prevent electromagnetic interference from strong electrical sources. Components like contactors, relays, and AC motors in the power cabinet can generate interference due to frequent switching. Poor wiring between main circuits and control circuits may lead to voltage spikes or surges, disrupting the CNC system. To counter this, take the following steps:
1) Install parallel RC snubbers on both ends of the AC contactor coil and the three-phase output of the motor.
2) Add a freewheeling diode across the DC contactor coil or solenoid valve.
3) Use surge suppressors and filters on the input power lines of the CNC.
4) Use shielded cables for the three-phase armature of the servo motor (commonly used with Siemens drives).
These methods can effectively reduce interference, but it's important to keep the connecting wires as short as possible—ideally no longer than 20 cm, to minimize the chance of picking up noise.
Third, suppress or reduce interference from the power supply line L. In cases of unstable voltage, frequency fluctuations, or waveform distortion, common-mode and normal-mode noise can affect the system's performance. To minimize these issues, consider the following:
1) Install electronic voltage regulators in areas with significant grid voltage fluctuations.
2) Ensure the power line has enough capacity to meet the machine’s requirements.
3) Avoid having high-power devices, such as CNC machines and EDM equipment, share the same main line if they start and stop frequently.
4) When installing a CNC machine, place it as far away as possible from inverter equipment like medium-frequency furnaces and high-frequency induction furnaces.
By implementing these measures, you can significantly improve the stability and performance of your CNC system. Always prioritize proper grounding, shielding, and power management to maintain a clean and interference-free environment.
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