Light control nano valve developed successfully

Light-controlled protein channels could mark a new era in nanotechnology. These tiny, light-sensitive systems offer a promising approach for creating smart, responsive nanodevices that can be precisely controlled using light. While building nanoscale tools may seem vastly different from traditional engineering, the core principle remains similar: identify the necessary components and figure out how to assemble them to perform a specific function. However, the challenge lies in designing these systems at the molecular level, where even small changes can drastically affect performance. Nature has already solved many of these problems through evolution. Scientists often look to biological systems for inspiration, especially proteins, which have evolved over millions of years to perform highly efficient functions. One such example is MscL, a membrane protein found in *E. coli*. It acts as a mechanosensitive channel, allowing ions and molecules to pass through the cell membrane when pressure builds up inside the cell. This natural "safety valve" prevents the cell from bursting by opening when the internal pressure becomes too high. The channel opens to a width of about 3 nanometers, letting out excess material until the pressure is balanced. Ben Feringa and his team at the University of Gothenburg and the BiOMaDe Technology Center in the Netherlands have taken this natural system and enhanced it with an optical switch. They engineered a protein that can be activated by ultraviolet (UV) light and deactivated by visible light. This switch is attached to a specific region of the MscL protein, allowing researchers to control its opening and closing remotely using light. In their experiments, they demonstrated that UV light triggers the channel to open, while visible light causes it to close again. To test the functionality, the researchers introduced the modified MscL into synthetic membranes and later into microliposomes containing fluorescent dyes. The results were impressive: light could effectively control the release of the dye, with only minimal leakage observed. This suggests that such light-controlled channels could be used in future applications like targeted drug delivery, where precise control over molecule release is crucial. Although this is still an early stage of research, scientists are working to refine the technology and expand its potential. Feringa envisions these tiny devices as fundamental building blocks for more complex nanosystems. He emphasizes that one of the biggest challenges in nanotechnology is not just designing individual components, but figuring out how to integrate them into functional, working systems. As the basic principles are validated, the next step will be to combine these nano-valves with other nanofluidic components to create more sophisticated, controllable nanodevices.

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