Light control nano valve developed successfully

Light-controlled protein channels could mark a new era in nanotechnology. In principle, constructing a nanodevice isn't too different from building any other kind of machine. Engineers first design the necessary components and then determine how to assemble them to achieve a specific function. However, the real challenge lies in designing these devices at the nanoscale, where traditional engineering principles don’t always apply. Fortunately, nature has already solved many of these problems through evolution, offering scientists a wealth of inspiration from the world of proteins. Researchers from the University of Gothenburg and the BiOMaDe Technology Center in the Netherlands have taken advantage of this natural design. Ben Feringa explained that MscL is a membrane protein found in *E. coli*, acting as a channel that regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell. It can be opened or closed using light, functioning like a safety valve. He said, “It prevents the cell from bursting. When internal pressure becomes too high, the channel opens by 3 nanometers, allowing materials to escape. This makes it an excellent, self-regulating system that can be controlled with precision.” Normally, MscL remains closed due to hydrophobic interactions. But when under stress, the pore opens until the pressure is relieved. Feringa and his team developed a reversible optical switch that activates under ultraviolet light and deactivates under visible light. They attached this switch to a specific part of the MscL protein and introduced the engineered version into a synthetic membrane. The results showed that UV light triggered the channel to open, and visible light successfully closed it again. In further experiments, the modified MscL was inserted into microliposomes containing fluorescent dyes. The findings revealed that light could effectively control the release of the dye, with only minimal leakage observed. This demonstrates the potential of light-sensitive protein channels for precise control over molecular transport. This discovery is still in its early stages, but researchers are working to refine the technique. Their ultimate goal is to apply this technology to targeted drug delivery systems. Feringa envisions even greater possibilities, believing that these tiny devices could serve as fundamental building blocks for advanced nanoscale systems. He remarked, “In nanotechnology, we often struggle with integrating parts and ensuring they work together effectively.” “Once the basic concepts are proven, the next step is figuring out how to combine these nano-valves with nanofluidic channels to create functional, integrated systems.”

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